HMPV - Rise and Spread

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus related to the RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and parainfluenza virus families. Like these viruses, it affects the respiratory tract and causes a range of respiratory illnesses, from mild colds to severe bronchitis.

Although it causes symptoms similar to a common cold, patients infected with HMPV are more likely to become severely ill upon first infection, especially those with weakened immune systems, and the effects can be long-lasting.

Infection with this virus usually leads to mild symptoms, such as a runny or stuffy nose, fever (ranging from mild to high), a persistent cough, sore throat, and general fatigue. In some cases, HMPV can cause more serious symptoms, including wheezing, trouble breathing, chest pain, and a bluish tint to the skin or lips, indicating low oxygen levels. Rapid breathing, often seen in young children, is another sign of serious respiratory distress.

HMPV spreads through direct contact with an infected person or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Common ways it spreads include coughing and sneezing, as well as touching objects like phones, door handles, keyboards, or toys. While anyone can get the virus, certain groups are at higher risk of severe illness, including children under 5, premature infants, people with respiratory disorders like asthma or COPD, and adults over 65.

To reduce the risk of HMPV and other infections, it is important to practice good hygiene. Frequent handwashing with soap and water is recommended, or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used when soap is unavailable. The nose and mouth should be covered with the elbow when sneezing or coughing. It’s also advisable to avoid close contact with others when sick, and wearing a mask can help if contact is necessary. Touching the face should be avoided, and food or utensils should not be shared.

The HMPV outbreak in India and China has some key differences. In China, the virus spread widely, whereas in Bangalore, the cases are more localized but still concerning. The outbreak in India is currently smaller, but it could escalate if not controlled. Hospitals in Bangalore have rapidly increased testing for HMPV, using lessons learned from other countries to ensure quick diagnosis. Public awareness campaigns about the virus are being launched, but many people still have limited knowledge about it. However, HMPV cannot be considered a pandemic on the same scale as COVID-19, as it has not spread as widely or caused the same level of global disruption.